Objective: To analyze the causes of the psychological predicament of the eldest children and the degree of their impact on the family by observing the psychological condition and possible psychological dilemma of the eldest child after the adjustment of the birth policy in the region. Methods: Parents of kindergartens and primary schools in Linping District, Hangzhou were selected as the research objects, and the data were statistically analyzed by collecting questionnaires. Results: Among the 517 subjects in this survey, 80.7% of the children had normal scores, 7.9% had suspicious scores, 11.4% had abnormal scores, the incidence of non-local children was higher than that of local children, the psychological problems of boys were more serious than those of girls, and the scores of only children were higher than those of non-only children (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the detection rates of the total score of psychological problems, emotional factors and prosocial factors among the eldest children. Families with neglect of the eldest child have a higher detection rate of psychological problems, and children are prone to problems with prosocial and emotional factors. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the detection rate of psychological problems among children with different streets, genders, and local household registration, and the incidence of psychological and behavioral problems among children increases when family members neglect the eldest child and ask the eldest child to be humble to other children.